GD (ext-gd) is bundled with PHP and available on almost every host. Good for thumbnails and simple drawing.
Imagick binds ImageMagick: more formats, better resize quality, PNG metadata.
Intervention Image is a Composer package with a fluent API that runs on top of GD or Imagick.
GDGD (ext-gd) is the image extension bundled with PHP. How to read and write PNG files, keep transparency, set compression level, make thumbnails.
ImagickImagick is the PHP extension for ImageMagick. How to read and write PNG files, get the size without decoding, set compression level, read text chunks.
Intervention ImageIntervention Image is a PHP image library with a fluent API over GD, Imagick or libvips. How to read, resize and save PNG files, write palette PNGs.