EPS libraries

Rendering EPS means running PostScript, so every library that reads EPS uses Ghostscript underneath. Ghostscript is AGPL-3.0 (or commercial from Artifex); check the license before shipping it or running it in a service. Libraries that only write EPS (cairo, xmlgraphics-commons, canvas, gonum/plot, matplotlib) don’t need it.

Language	Library	Read	Write	Notes
C/C++	Ghostscript	yes	yes	render with `-dEPSCrop`, compute the bounding box, write with `eps2write`. AGPL
C/C++	libspectre	yes	no	DSC metadata and rendering for viewers, on top of Ghostscript. GPL-2.0
C/C++	cairo	no	yes	vector drawing to EPS with `cairo_ps_surface_set_eps`
C#	Magick.NET	yes	yes	rasterize EPS through Ghostscript, write raster EPS
C#	Ghostscript.NET	yes	yes	Ghostscript wrapper with EPS clipping. AGPL
Java	xmlgraphics-commons	DSC only	yes	Java2D to EPS, bounding box from DSC comments
Go	gonum/plot	no	yes	plots and charts saved as EPS
Go	canvas	no	yes	pure Go vector graphics with an EPS renderer
Python	Pillow	yes	yes	rasterize EPS through Ghostscript, read binary-header EPS
Python	Matplotlib	no	yes	charts saved as EPS
Python	pycairo	no	yes	cairo bindings, `PSSurface.set_eps(True)`
Ruby	MiniMagick	yes	yes	ImageMagick command line from Ruby
Rust	cairo-rs	no	yes	gtk-rs cairo bindings, `PsSurface::set_eps`
PHP	Imagick	yes	yes	ImageMagick extension; reads EPS through Ghostscript

To read only the bounding box or the preview of an EPS file you don’t need Ghostscript: the %%BoundingBox line and the 30-byte binary header are simple to parse yourself (see EPS file structure).

By language#

EPS libraries for C/C++ Open-source C/C++ libraries for EPS: Ghostscript to render and convert, libspectre for viewers, cairo to write Encapsulated PostScript. Comparison.
EPS libraries for C# Open-source .NET libraries for EPS: Magick.NET to rasterize and write EPS, Ghostscript.NET to render and convert EPS with Ghostscript. Comparison.
EPS libraries for Java Open-source Java libraries for EPS: Apache xmlgraphics-commons writes EPS from Java2D and reads the bounding box from DSC comments. Code examples.
EPS libraries for Go Open-source Go libraries that write EPS: gonum/plot saves charts as EPS, tdewolff/canvas draws vector graphics and writes EPS. Comparison and code examples.
EPS libraries for Python Open-source Python libraries for EPS: Pillow to convert EPS to PNG, Matplotlib to save charts as EPS, pycairo to draw EPS. Comparison and code examples.
EPS libraries for Ruby Open-source Ruby libraries for EPS: MiniMagick converts EPS to PNG or JPEG and writes EPS through ImageMagick and Ghostscript. Code examples.
EPS libraries for Rust Open-source Rust libraries for EPS: cairo-rs writes Encapsulated PostScript through cairo's PsSurface. Code examples and notes on reading EPS from Rust.
EPS libraries for PHP Open-source PHP libraries for EPS: the Imagick extension converts EPS to PNG or JPEG and writes EPS through ImageMagick and Ghostscript. Code examples.